Anorexia nervosa பசியற்ற உளநோய்
Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that makes people lose
more weight than is considered healthy for their age and height.
Persons with this disorder may have an intense fear of weight
gain, even when they are underweight. They may diet or exercise too much or use
other ways to lose weight.
Alternative Names
Eating disorder - anorexia, பசியின்மை நோய், உடல் மெலிதல் நோய்
Reason for Anorexia Loss of appetite
The exact causes of anorexia nervosa are not known. Many factors
may be involved. Genes and hormones may play a role. Social attitudes that
promote very thin body types may also be involved.
Risk factors for anorexia include:
·
Being more
worried about, or paying more attention to, weight and shape எடை
மற்றும் வடிவத்தை பராமரிப்பதில் அதிக கவனம் செலுத்துவது.
·
Having an
anxiety disorder as a child குழந்தையின்மை என்ற ஏக்கம்,
·
Having a
negative self-image
தன்னை பற்றிய எதிர்மறை
எண்ணங்கள்,
·
Having
eating problems during infancy or early childhood குழந்தைப்
பருவத்தில் இருந்து உணவு பிரட்சனை,
·
Having
certain social or cultural ideas about health and beauty சுகாதார
மற்றும் அழகு பற்றி குறிப்பிட்ட சமூக அல்லது கலாச்சார கருத்துக்களின் பாதிப்பு,
·
Trying to be
perfect or overly focused on rules கட்டுபாடு வைத்துகொண்டு அதை பின்பற்றுவது.
Anorexia often begins during the pre-teen or teen years or young
adulthood. It is more common in females, but may also be seen in males. The
disorder is seen mainly in white women who are high achievers in school and who
have a goal-oriented family or personality.
Anorexia Symptoms அறிகுறிகள்
A person with anorexia usually:
·
Has an
intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even when underweight
·
Refuses to
keep weight at what is considered normal for their age and height (15% or more below the normal weight)
·
Have a body
image that is very distorted, be very focused on body weight or shape, and
refuse to admit the danger of weight loss
People with anorexia may severely limit the amount of food they
eat. Or they eat and then make themselves throw up. Other behaviors include:
·
Cutting food
into small pieces or moving them around the plate instead of eating
·
Exercising
all the time, even when the weather is bad, they are hurt, or their schedule is
busy
·
Going to the
bathroom right after meals சாப்பாட்டுக்கு பிறகு கழிவறைக்கு
செல்வது.
·
Refusing to
eat around other people மற்றவர்கள் முன்பு உணவை நிராகரிப்பது,
·
Using pills
to make themselves urinate (water pills or diuretics), have a bowel movement
(enemas and laxatives), or decrease their appetite (diet pills)
Other symptoms of anorexia may include:
·
Blotchy or
yellow skin that is dry and covered with fine hair வறண்ட மஞ்சள் நிற தோல்,
·
Confused or
slow thinking, along with poor memory or judgment குழப்பம் மற்றும் ஞாபக மறதி,
·
Depression மன அழுத்தம்,
·
Dry mouth உலர்ந்த
வாய்,
·
Extreme
sensitivity to cold (wearing several layers of clothing to stay warm)
·
Loss of bone
strength
எலும்பு
வலிமை இழப்பு,
·
Wasting away
of muscle and loss of body fat தசை, உடல் கொழுப்பு இழப்பு,
Exams and Tests(பரிசோதணை)
Tests should be done to help find the cause of weight loss, or
see what damage the weight loss has caused. Many of these tests will be
repeated over time to monitor the person.
These tests may include:
·
Albumin (அல்புமின்)
·
Bone density
test to check for thin bones (osteoporosis- ஆஸ்டியோபோரோசிஸ்)
·
CBC
·
Electrocardiogram
(ECG or EKG)
·
Electrolytes
·
Kidney
function tests
(சிறுநீரக செயல்பாடு சோதனைகள்)
·
Liver
function tests
(கல்லீரல் செயல்பாடு சோதனைகள்)
·
Total
protein
(மொத்த புரதம்)
·
Thyroid function
tests (தைராய்டு
செயல்பாடு சோதனைகள்)
·
Urinalysis (யூரிஅனாலிசிஸ்)
Anorexia Treatment சிகிச்சை
The biggest challenge in treating anorexia nervosa is helping
the person recognize that they have an illness. Most people with anorexia deny
that they have an eating disorder. People often enter treatment only when their
condition is serious.
Goals of treatment are to restore normal body weight and eating
habits. A weight gain of 1 to 2
kg per week is considered a safe goal.
Symptomatic Constitutional homeopathy medicines helps for
Anorexia
Different programs have been designed to treat anorexia.
Sometimes the person can gain weight by:
·
Increasing
social activity
(சமூக செயல்பாடு ஆர்வம் காட்டுவது)
·
Reducing the
amount of physical activity (உடல் வேலை பழுவை குறைத்தல்)
·
Using
schedules for eating(உணவுக்கான
கால அட்டவணைகள்)
Many patients start with a short hospital stay and follow-up
with a day treatment program.
A longer hospital stay may be needed if:
·
The person
has lost a lot of weight (being below 70% of their ideal body weight for their age and height). For
severe and life-threatening malnutrition, the person may need to be fed through
a vein or stomach tube.
·
Weight loss
continues, even with treatment
·
Medical
complications, such as heart problems, confusion, or low potassium levels
develop
·
The person
has severe depression or thinks about committing suicide
Treatment is often very difficult. Patients and their families
must work hard. Many therapies may be tried until the patient overcomes this
disorder.
Patients may drop out of programs if they have unrealistic hopes
of being "cured" with therapy alone.
Different kinds of talk therapy are used to treat people with
anorexia:
·
Cognitive
behavioral therapy (a type of talk therapy), group therapy, and family therapy
have all been successful.
·
Goal of
therapy is to change patients' thoughts or behavior to encourage them to eat in
a healthier way. This kind of therapy is more useful for treating younger
patients who have not had anorexia for a long time.
·
If the
patient is young, therapy may involve the whole family. The family is seen as a
part of the solution, instead of the cause of the eating disorder.
·
Support
groups may also be a part of treatment. In support groups, patients and
families meet and share what they have been through.
Medicines such as antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood
stabilizers may help some anorexic patients when given as part of a complete
treatment program. These medicines can help treat depression or anxiety. Although
medicines may help, none has been proven to decrease the desire to lose weight.
Possible Complications(சிக்கல்கள்)
Complications may include:
·
Bone
weakening
(எலும்பு பலவீனம்)
·
Decrease in
white blood cells, which leads to increased risk of infection (வெள்ளை
இரத்த அணுக்கள் குறைவினால் நோய் தொற்று அபாயம் அதிகம்)
·
Low
potassium levels in the blood, which may cause dangerous heart rhythms (இரத்தத்தில் பொட்டாசியம்
குறைவினால் ஆபத்தான இதயத்துடிப்பு)
·
Severe lack
of water and fluids in the body (dehydration) (உடல் திரவம் பற்றாக்குறை)
·
Lack of
protein, vitamins, minerals, and other important nutrients in the body
(malnutrition)
(உடலில் புரதம், வைட்டமின்கள்
, கனிமங்கள் , மற்றும் பிற முக்கிய ஊட்டச்சத்து குறைபாடு)
·
Seizures due
to fluid or sodium loss from repeated diarrhea or vomiting (சோடியம்
இழப்பினால் வயிற்றுபோக்கு அல்லது வாந்தி, வலிப்புத்தாக்கங்கள்)
·
Thyroid
gland problems
(தைராய்டு சுரப்பியின் பிரச்சினைகள்)
·
Tooth decay (பற்சிதைவு)