BRANCHES OF
PSYCHOLOGY - Information
Psychology
is a huge topic and conveying the depth and breadth of the subject can be
difficult. As a result, a number of different fields of psychology have emerged
to deal with specific subtopics within the study of the mind, brain and
behavior.
The branches of
psychology are:
- Clinical psychology,
- Cognitive psychology,
- Developmental psychology,
- Evolutionary psychology,
- Forensic psychology, Health psychology
HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
The
history of psychology as a scholarly study of the mind and behavior dates back
to the Ancient Greeks. There is also evidence of psychological thought in
ancient Egypt. Psychology was a branch of philosophy until the 1870s, when it
developed as an independent scientific discipline in Germany and the United
States. Psychology borders on various other fields including physiology,
neuroscience, artificial intelligence, sociology, anthropology, as well as
philosophy and other components of the humanities.
Today,
psychology is defined as "the study of behavior and mental processes".
Philosophical interest in the mind and behavior dates back to the ancient
civilizations of Egypt, Persia, Greece, China, and India. For a condensed
overview of the subject see the Timeline of Psychology article.
Psychology
as a self-conscious field of experimental study began in 1879, when Wilhelm
Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively to psychological
research in Leipzig. Wundt was also the first person to refer to himself as a
psychologist and wrote the first textbook on psychology: Principles of
Physiological Psychology. Other important early contributors to the field
include Hermann Ebbinghaus (a pioneer in the study of memory), William James
(the American father of pragmatism), and
Ivan Pavlsov (who developed the procedures associated with classical
conditioning).
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